Rabies: Is Your Dog At Risk?

In almost every case of rabies, the infection is fatal. All mammals (including humans) are susceptible to this virus infection, which causes an acute infection of the brain. During the illness disturbances of behavior are noted, which in some species results in unprovoked aggression and the biting of other animals. This is usually the case with an affected dog. And because the rabies virus can be present in saliva, bites and licks from infected animals can spread the disease.

The good news is that the rabies vaccine is very effective in preventing the spread of rabies to pet dogs and cats. And, rabies vaccinations are required by law in most areas, which helps to protect both people and pets. These vaccinations are considered to be core vaccines for dogs and cats.

The particulars of the rabies protocols differ slightly from one state to another and even from one veterinarian to another, but typically, the first vaccine is given to puppies at 12 weeks. A rabies booster vaccine is given a year later and then it is administered either annually or every three years.

Insuring that a pet receives and keeps current with the rabies vaccine is an important component of dog ownership. It protects the family of the pet, the pet itself, as well as other animals and people. When a person is bitten by a dog one of the first things checked is the veterinarian record.

In most cases, if the dog is current with his vaccines, according to the state protocols, the danger of the individual being exposed to rabies is considered negligible. But if the dog was not vaccinated it is likely that the animal will be quarantined for a period of ten to fourteen days. In most cases, the owner of the pet will be responsible for the cost of this confinement which will take place in a secured facility.

Incubation in a person is usually three to eight weeks but it can be as long as two years. Initial symptoms may include numbness around the area of the bite, fever, headaches, and general fatigue.

If a dog is bitten by a rabid animal or is suspected of being infected with rabies the outcome will be much more positive if the dog has been vaccinated against rabies. If so, in most cases the pet will be re-vaccinated and confined for a period of time (which varies from state to state, generally from 30 – 50 days).

If the animal was not vaccinated and the exposure is confirmed the usual recommendation is euthanasia for the pet. Otherwise, the pet is quarantined for a lengthy period of time, often for as long as six months. The confinement takes place in a secure facility and the pet owner is liable for the expenses incurred. Fines are also assessed for not having the pet properly vaccinated.  If the dog shows signs of illness euthanasia is likely.

When an animal is infected with the rabies virus the infection or virus is replicated in tissues throughout the body and it eventually reaches the brain. When it does there is a personality change in the animal. The dog is likely to be aggressive and dangerous to be around. Soon afterward the animal’s throat is likely to become paralyzed, preventing him from swallowing. In this phase you are likely to see drooling or foaming at the mouth. Death usually occurs within ten days from the time the brain of the animal becomes infected.

You’re Moving And Your Dog Is Confused!

Anyone that has ever experienced a move knows that it is a hectic time. It seems no matter how carefully you plan things you somehow manage to hit obstacles along the way. But at the same time, moving is exciting because it is a new beginning in a new place. Having that to hold on to makes the chaos and confusion worth it in the end.

Your dog may the last thing on your ‘to do’ list at this time; and that is understandable, to a degree. But there are some rather simple steps you can take to avoid your dog feeling neglected.

As you visit the new home consider taking your pet with you. Allow him to walk through the house and the yard. Talk to him soothingly, telling him that it’s going to be his new home. Although he may not understand the words exactly, he will understand your emotions behind the words. He will understand that you are saying this place is okay.

When you are packing you might want to confine your dog to a special area or room of the home. This is often done in order to keep the dog out from under the feet of movers and to relieve any worries of him running out the door unnoticed. It’s probably a good idea.

But on the other hand, that means your dog is not in the middle of things, like everyone else is. He is missing out on seeing the furniture and boxes being loaded. So to add to his confusion about why he is being confined, when he is allowed out he is surprised to find that the furniture is missing from the house.

Ideally you will have him in an area that is out of the way but is still very accessible to everyone. Perhaps a corner of a room would work. Be sure that he has food, water, toys, a bed, and even some treats, but most of all, stop by and spend a little time with him whenever you can. Try to make him feel as though he is a part of the moving experience because, after all, he is being moved too.

Keep his comfort in mind during the actual move, and attempt to minimize his stress as much as possible. When you arrive at the new home you will likely need to follow a similar procedure as you did when packing. Your goal is to keep your pet out of the way but to make him feel a part of things at the same time.

Be prepared to supply him with his favorite food, toys, and other familiar things as soon as possible.  Allow him time to explore his new home and introduce him to ‘his’ area. With a little added attention your dog will adjust to his new environment just fine.

Socialization Of Your Puppy: How Important Is It?

If you have done any research or read any books about caring for dogs you have undoubtedly heard the term ‘socialization’ and know that it is important. Socialization refers to providing your puppy or dog opportunities to learn how to behave friendly and in an appropriate manner.

In the ideal case this socialization will begin in the earliest days of a dog’s life. That means the responsibility begins with the breeder. Puppies should be handled on a daily basis. The breeder should spend time holding them, talking to them, and playing with them each day. They should introduce the puppies to new sounds and sights, as well as allowing them to meet other people and animals.

When you acquire your new puppy or dog it is imperative that you continue the socialization of your pet. Take him with you whenever and wherever you can. Introduce him to new situations and environments regularly. If you are unsure of how he may react you will want to use caution as you allow him to meet new people and other pets. These simple activities are actually a vital part of your dog’s training.

Unfortunately not all dogs begin their life or existence in a new home in such an ideal setting. Your puppy or dog may have started out in a less than ideal situation. That means more effort will be required by you as the permanent owner.

Dogs that are not socialized can sometimes turn into a dog with emotional problems or put simply, a dog with annoying tendencies. Emotional issues can include such things as fear of other animals, people, or even locations. Some improperly socialized pets do not like to be touched by anyone but their owners and others are so fearful of new experiences that simple things like regular grooming can become a real chore.

When a dog is not socialized he may exhibit signs of aggression. In reality this aggression is brought on by a fear of the unknown. Unfortunately many of these pets are simply considered too dangerous to have around children or other pets and so they end up in a shelter. These dogs will require a lot of hands on training and patience from someone if they are ever to become an ideal pet.

All About Anal Glands

If you own a dog you may have heard the term ‘anal glands’ and wondered what it is, and if it is a normal part of all dogs. The answer is yes; all dogs have anal glands. In most cases there are no problems associated with these structures, unless they become filled, and in which case, they become uncomfortable. In fact, infections and other problems can result from this situation.

Anal glands are small sac like structures that are located near the anus. There is one gland on each side of the anal region. The glands have openings that are located just inside the anus. Anal glands hold a liquid substance until the animal defecates, and at that time the liquid is normally secreted, or expressed from the glands, along with the feces.

Fear, nervousness, or even excitement can also result in the expression of this foul smelling, dark colored liquid. As a result it may be seen under the animal’s tail, or near the rectum, or even on the floor near the pet.

Over-filling and/or inadequate emptying of the anal glands is not uncommon in dogs. When the glands are full the pet will begin to feel a discomfort in the anal region and strive to relieve that distress. Dogs are sometimes seen scooting their behinds across the floor in an effort to relieve the symptoms. Other times they will bite or lick at the area surrounding the anus and under the tail. Additionally, some dogs will keep their tail tucked down and under, or between their legs when they feel discomfort related to their anal glands.

Fortunately, the liquid can be manually expressed from the anal glands. One method is external manual expression. This involves squeezing the area on either side of the anus to ‘milk’ or force the fluid out of the anal glands. The other method is internal manual expression which involves inserting a finger inside the rectum of the dog and using another finger on the outside, with the anal glands between the fingers. Execution of either method should result in visible excretion of the fluid exiting the anal glands openings. Groomers and veterinarians are experienced in this procedure.

Allowing the fluid to continue to build without emptying the sacs can eventually result in the fluid changing consistency, from a fluid liquid to a much thicker substance that is even more difficult to express. At this point it is best to seek professional assistance from a veterinarian. If left unattended the anal glands can become infected and other problems can develop.

Depending on the severity of the resulting problems the dog may need to have flushing treatments of the anal glands and treatments with antibiotics, which may involve sedation, as well as pain medication. If the anal glands become repeatedly filled and problems continue it is possible that surgical removal will be suggested. The removal can sometimes result in (temporary or permanent) fecal incontinence.

Should You Spay/Neuter Your Dog?

Many dog owners face the decision of whether or not to have their dog spayed or neutered. The dilemma is one that people sometimes grabble with for many reasons. Some fear that the surgery would be too expensive or that it would change the personality of the dog.

Other owners simply believe that their pet is beautiful and that allowing him/her to generate puppies would mean that others could also enjoy such a beautiful pet. And of course, some people are breeders, and true breeders have a goal of continuing the purity and quality of the breed.

Before we go any further, you should learn what the words ‘spay’ and neuter’ mean. Spaying usually includes the surgical removal of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus. During neutering of male dogs the testicles are removed.

There are many organizations that offer free or reduced fees on these procedures. Additionally, depending on where you purchase your pet, the procedure may already be factored in according to a contractual agreement. If the cost is a factor in your decision-making process then you can put in a Google search for ‘free spay and neuter’.

In reality, most dog owners find that an altered pet is a better companion. The procedure does not change their basic personality. A watch dog will still be just as territorial as ever, and a lapdog with a sweet disposition will remain just that. The difference will be that the male dogs will no longer

Male dogs are known to mark their territory and to escape from their yard in an attempt to mate with a female in heat. Roaming dogs in search of a mate are likely to become aggressive with other dogs, or even people. Another risk is that of running into traffic in search of a female. Neutering can reduce those instincts and have a calming effect.

Females come into heat approximately every six months. During that time (which can last for up to 3 weeks) she is likely to drip blood throughout your home and her temperament is likely to change. She may be short-tempered and even aggressive with other female dogs in the home and she is likely to actively seek a mate.

Protecting Your Dog From Kennel Cough

Kennel cough is one of those terms which might be commonly heard in association with dogs nevertheless very few folk have a clear understanding of what this infection truly is and how to safeguard their family dog. The fact is that kennel cough is frequent in dogs that are dwelling (temporarily or permanently) in a crowded or traumatic situation. The infection is characterized by a deep cough, which appears almost as if the dog has some thing trapped in their throat.

The medical name for this infection is ‘canine infectious tracheo-bronchitis’. There are various potential causative agents or factors of this infection like anxiety as a result of travel or by crowded conditions, exposure to wintry temperatures and / or exposure to pollutants in the surroundings. Even cigarette smoke is able to pose a risk.

Kennel cough is caused by a lessening in the animal’s regular protecting mechanisms of the respiratory tract. In combination with the factors listed in this article, the actual bacterium accountable for kennel cough is ‘Bordetella Bronchiseptica’. Because the cough is very infectious and is passed from dog to another by way of respiratory secretions, boarding kennels, animal shelters, and grooming shops can be locations that dogs find a way to ‘catch’ the cough.

Some cases of kennel cough resolve themselves. In the event that your dog develops a cough yet continues to eat and be lively there is certainly a good possibility that the problem can end on its own, without any medical intervention. But, in other cases, especially in those regarding young puppies, the kennel cough may be more serious and may possibly result in the development of pneumonia. These pets will require the skilled treatment of a veterinarian. In all likelihood they should be given antibiotics in addition to anti-tussives for the cough.

Vaccinations are out there for this infection, however they aren’t commonly suitable for all dogs. Instead, they’re supplied to puppies at risk for Bordetella. Most boarding kennels require that dogs be vaccinated against the infection before they can stay. Although few groomers require that dogs be vaccinated against Bordetella, it is advisable that any dog that regularly visits a groomer have the vaccination. The same is true for k9 training classes. In fact, the vaccination is warranted for dogs that frequently visit a dog park or some other location where they will certainly socialize with unfamiliar dogs.

You should note that despite the vaccination dogs may still develop the clinical indications and symptoms of kennel cough. The good news is the symptoms will probably be milder and typically won’t last long.

It’s definitely suggested you talk to your veterinarian to check if your dog should be vaccinated against this or any kind of illness or infection. Generally though, in the event that your dog socializes with other dogs, getting him vaccinated against Bordetella is a good idea. Other things to take into account include the climate you live in and the air quality your pet is exposed to regularly. Protection is typically less difficult than handling the consequences of ignoring a possible health threat.

How To Trim Your Dogs Nails – Tips For Properly Clipping Fidos Nails

Trimming your dogs nails can be a frustrating and unpleasant experience for both you and your pet but it doesn’t have to be  – if you go about it the right way.

The key to making this experience more pleasant is to get your dog used to having his feet handled.  Most dogs don’t care to much for this and if you can start when your dog is a puppy you’ll have a bit of an advantage.  However, even older dogs can learn to love getting a little pedicure every so often.

Before you even get out the nail clippers, though, you’ll want to touch your dogs feet often.  Just a little touch at first.  If your dog pulls away, don’t push it but keep it up,  touching his feet often throughout the day.  Eventually he’ll get used to it and you can proceed to holding his paws for longer and longer.  Once this seems to be acceptable to him (this could take weeks or even months), it’s time to get the clippers out.

When trimming your dogs nails the big thing to watch out for is that you don’t cut into the quick.  This is in the  middle of your pets nail and contains nerves and blood vessels so it can really hurt if you cut into it or even too close to it.  Depending on your dogs nails, you might be able to hold them up to the light and actually see the darker vein of the quick in the middle.

Start by trimming a little off the end, then a bit more until you see pink in the nail or feel like you might be close to the quick.  On dark nails, it’s pretty much impossible to tell so you’ll have to just cut enough to trim down the nail or else you will risk cutting the quick.  The edges of the nail might be a bit jagged after this so go ahead and file them down until they are smooth or they might end up catching on something.

You might want to have some styptic powder handy in case you do cut into the quick and hold this on the nail to staunch the bleeding.

How do you know when it’s time for trimming your dogs nails?

Your pets nails should just about touch the floor when he walks so if you hear clicking then the nails have grown too long and it’s time for a trim.  This usually needs to be done every 4 to 6 weeks but if your dog does a lot of walking on hard surfaces like pavement and concrete you could go longer as the surfaces themselves will help wear down the nails kind of like a natural nail file!

Dog Ear Mites – How To Recognize And Rid Your Dog Of Ear Mites

If you are a dog owner, you’ll probably have to deal with ear mites at least once and probably more than once in your dogs lifetime since ear mites in dogs are moderately common.  These tiny parasites are barely noticeable by the naked eye and resemble small crabs.  The like to hang around in your dogs ear canals where they dine on fluids and debris from the ear tissue.

Although 1 ear mite is not that noticeable, they multiply like crazy, so if your dog has one he probably has dozens, maybe even hundreds.  Although the ear mites themselves are white, the presence of them leaves a black discharge in the ear that looks almost like dirt.  As you can imagine, they make your pets ears rather itchy so if you see him shaking or scratching his ears then take him to a vet to see if the cause is ear mites.

Ear mites are extremely contagious -  don’t worry you can catch them from your dog but your other pets can so if you have multiple pets and one gets ear mites, you’d best have them all checked out.

Ear mites have rather a sheltered existence living their whole life on one dog.  While they usually stick around  inside the ear, sometimes they can spread to the surrounding skin and even take up residence as far away as the feet and tail.

Luckily, ear mites in dogs are easily treated.  Once you suspect your dog has them, get him to the Vet.  It’s important that your veterinarian diagnose the problem since there are other ear problems that can cause the same symptoms.  Once the ear mite diagnosis is made, then a few simple steps are taken to eradicate them.

The first thing your Vet will do is flush out the ear canal.  This is critical as it gets rid of the buildup (called exudate) and if this is not removed then medications used to treat the mites probably will not work.  Needless to say, it’s best if you don’t try flushing your dogs ears at home – best to bring him to the Vet for this.

The next step can be done at home and consists of medicated ear drops that will kill the mites.  These are usually put in the ears once or twice a day.  The drops contain an insecticide (usually pyrethrin) which kills the mites.  Treatment might continue anywhere from 2 to 4 weeks depending on the particular medication your Vet has prescribed.

Ear mites in dogs are common and easily treated, however they can become serious if left untreated.  If you suspect  your dog has ear mites, then please check with your Vet as soon as possible to insure this problem does not get out of hand.

Recognizing Dog Skin Conditions – How To Find Out If Your Dog Needs Skin Care

Dog skin conditions can be problematic to diagnose and even more problematic to resolve.  Yet, they are of crucial importance as they are irritating to your dog and can make him look less than desirable.

Skin conditions in dogs can range from small hot spots to their entire coat falling out and their skin turning black. They can be caused by anything from fleas to allergies and once your dog has a skin problem, you’ll have to work diligently to get rid of it.

If your dog is itching or you notice patches of bare skin, get him to the vet right away to start the process of figuring out what is causing the problem.  As I found out with my little Pomeranian, figuring out what causes a skin condition is a process of elimination.

The first thing your Vet will probably do is look for fleas, since fleas are a common cause of dog skin conditions and they are easy to diagnose and  fairly easily treated it’s in your best interest to rule this out first.   IF that is the case, then your Vet will recommend a treatment program that will kill the eggs as well as the adults.  Be aware, though that you will need to treat the dogs bedding and, possibly, your whole house if this is the case.

If fleas are not the culprit, then you might explore the possibility that it is allergies. While the thought of allergies typically brings to mind sneezing and running eyes, it can actually be a cause of skin conditions as well.  One common type of allergy that affects dogs skin is a food allergy.  Dogs can become allergic to something in their food – wheat, corn, dairy, chicken and soy are common things that cause allergies in dogs.

In order to rule out a food allergy, you must systematically remove the ingredients that you feel might be causing it.  For example, if you think the dog is allergic to wheat, then switch to a food that has no wheat in it – if the skin condition goes away after a few months then you have your answer.  Of course, this can be rather time consuming and if you want to cut some corners you can buy foods that are non-allergenic and have most of the offending ingredients removed.

Yeast infections, or even bacterial infections can be the cause of skin conditions in dogs as well. A yeast infection is very itchy and has a greasy appearance and bad odor.  A bacterial infection might look like bumps on the skin.  Your Vet can do tests to determine if this is the cause.

Dog skin conditions can take time and patience to remedy but it is well worth it for the overall health and good looks of your dog.  In order to stop a skin problem from getting too far, take your dog to the Veterinarian at the first sign of any skin condition.

Your Dogs Nutritional Needs

We often think of our pets as family members, but the truth is that dogs are not people and dog nutrition needs differ from those of humans.  Sure, they need proteins, fats, carbohydrates and vitamins and minerals just like people do, but in order for your dog to be healthy and have all the energy he needs he will need them in different ratios than you eat your food in which is why feeding your dog from the table only is not the best way to meet his nutritional needs.

All dogs need protein, but some need more than others.  Puppies and working dogs will require more to meet their energy needs.  Your dog should get his protein from meat and meat byproducts, but be careful about the dog foods you buy and read the labels to be sure what you are getting inside the food.

Just like in people, one of the most misunderstood factor dog nutrition needs revolves around fats.  Yes, fats can make your dog fat if he gets too much of them but they are also critical for normal function.  Fats help keep your dogs coat from drying out and his skin healthy.  They also allow fat soluble vitamins to be metabolized by the body.

About half of your dogs diet should be made up of carbohydrates.  This can be in the form or rice, corn, soybeans – whichever you prefer.  If your dog develops skin problems, he might be allergic to the type of carbohydrate and you might need to switch from a corn based food to a wheat based food or vice versa to rule this out.

Do you take a daily vitamin?  Does your dog?  Yep, dogs need vitamins and minerals too.  Basically all the vitamins we need – C, A, E and minerals like zinc, magnesium and calcium (to name but a few) are necessary for our dogs health.  And just like in humans they need to be given in the right amounts.  Your dog will probably get a lot of the vitamins he needs from his food, but there are liquid supplements out there that should not be overlooked if you want a healthy pet.

When buying a commercially made dog food to feed your pet, you want to be sure it isn’t loaded with preservative and crappy junk.  Your best bet is to read the ingredients list and find out what is actually in the product.  There are plenty of all natural varieties on the market today that will be free of toxins.

The higher priced dog foods will most likely have the better quality ingredients which are more easily absorbed and used by your dogs system. Although they may cost a bit more, you’ll make out in the long run as your dog nutrition needs will be met and you’ll end up with a healthier dog and less Vet bills.

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